CFAI Practice: M05 — Capital Structure

Total: 5 questions

Source: CFA Institute Practice Questions — Corporate Issuers (2026)


Question 1

According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition I (without taxes), the value of a firm is:

  • A. maximized when the firm uses 100% equity financing
  • B. independent of its capital structure
  • C. maximized when the firm uses the optimal mix of debt and equity

Question 2

According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (without taxes), as a firm increases its debt-to-equity ratio, the cost of equity:

  • A. decreases proportionally
  • B. remains unchanged
  • C. increases linearly

Question 3

When corporate taxes are introduced, Modigliani-Miller theory suggests that the optimal capital structure is:

  • A. 100% equity to minimize financial distress costs
  • B. 100% debt to maximize the interest tax shield
  • C. a balance of debt and equity at the point where marginal tax shield equals marginal distress cost

Question 4

A company has a target capital structure of 40% debt and 60% equity. The before-tax cost of debt is 6%, the cost of equity is 12%, and the marginal tax rate is 25%. The company’s WACC is closest to:

  • A. 8.60%
  • B. 9.00%
  • C. 9.60%

Question 5

A manager who prefers to finance new projects first with retained earnings, then debt, and finally new equity is following the:

  • A. static trade-off theory
  • B. pecking order theory
  • C. agency cost theory