Glossary: FI Module 15 — Credit Analysis: Government Issuers

TermDefinition
Sovereign credit analysisEvaluating a national government’s ability and willingness to service its debt
Fiscal strengthA government’s capacity to generate revenue through taxation and other sources
Debt burdenThe ratio of government debt to GDP or revenue; indicates sustainability
Debt affordabilityThe ability to service debt from current revenues (interest/revenue ratio)
Institutional frameworkThe quality of governance, rule of law, and policy credibility in a country
Economic resilienceThe ability of the economy to absorb shocks and sustain growth
General obligation (GO) bondA municipal bond backed by the full taxing authority of the issuer
Revenue bondA municipal bond repaid from a specific revenue source (tolls, fees, utility charges)
Supranational bondA bond issued by a multilateral institution (World Bank, IMF, EIB); typically AAA-rated
Willingness to payA sovereign’s political willingness (not just ability) to meet debt obligations

See also: Credit Risk