M05 – Derivatives Benefits and Risks: CFAI Practice Problems

Source: CFAI CFA1 Derivatives Practice 2026 – Volume 7 Back to module: m05-derivatives-benefits-risks


Exhibit: Baywhite Financial

Baywhite Financial is a multi-strategy asset management firm. The firm’s portfolio managers use a variety of derivative instruments across asset classes including equities, fixed income, currencies, and commodities. The firm’s risk management team regularly reviews derivative positions to assess hedging effectiveness, mark-to-market gains and losses, and counterparty exposures. The following scenarios describe specific derivative positions and market conditions being evaluated by Baywhite’s team.


Question 1

Match each of the following derivative use cases with the most appropriate benefit of derivatives:

Use Case
1. A portfolio manager uses equity index futures to quickly increase equity exposure without purchasing individual stocks
2. An analyst uses option-implied volatility to assess market expectations for future price movements
3. A corporate treasurer enters into an interest rate swap to convert floating-rate debt to fixed-rate debt

Benefits:

  • A. Risk management
  • B. Operational efficiency
  • C. Price discovery / information

Question 2

Baywhite holds a long forward contract on a commodity. If the spot price of the commodity declines significantly before the contract’s settlement date, Baywhite most likely faces:

  • A. A gain on the forward contract
  • B. A loss because the forward price was set higher than the current spot price
  • C. No impact because forward contracts are not marked to market

Question 3

Baywhite’s Mexico-based subsidiary enters into a forward contract to sell MXN and buy USD at a forward rate of 17.50 MXN/USD. At settlement, the spot rate is 18.00 MXN/USD. MTL (the subsidiary) most likely experiences:

  • A. A gain because MXN weakened relative to USD
  • B. No gain or loss because the forward rate equals the expected future spot rate
  • C. A loss because MTL locked in selling MXN at 17.50 when the market rate moved to 18.00

Question 4

A portfolio manager uses a derivative position to exactly offset the risk of an existing cash market exposure. At expiration, the combined position (cash + derivative) results in neither a gain nor a loss relative to the hedged price. This outcome is best described as:

  • A. An imperfect hedge with basis risk
  • B. A speculative position generating excess returns
  • C. A breakeven outcome from effective hedging — the derivative offsets the cash position

Question 5

A corporate treasurer expects interest rates (MRR — market reference rate) to rise over the next two years. The company has floating-rate debt tied to MRR. To hedge this exposure, the treasurer should most likely enter a swap as:

  • A. A fixed-rate payer (receive floating) — No. Correction: A fixed-rate payer to hedge rising MRR
  • B. A floating-rate payer to benefit from rising rates
  • C. Neither — swaps cannot hedge interest rate risk

Question 6

Based on current market data, the 1-year spot rate is 1.50% and the 2-year spot rate is 1.65%. The 1-year forward rate one year from now (1y1y forward rate) is closest to:

  • A. 1.80%
  • B. 1.58%
  • C. 1.65%