M07 – Pricing and Valuation: CFAI Practice Problems

Source: CFAI CFA1 Derivatives Practice 2026 – Volume 7 Back to module: m07-pricing-valuation


Exhibit: SAPP

Sarah Park (SAPP) continues her derivatives training series with modules on pricing and valuation of forwards, futures, and swaps. She presents scenarios involving mark-to-market gains and losses, zero-coupon rate calculations, and the structure of forward-starting swaps and FRAs. Junior analysts are asked to evaluate specific positions and compute prices/values using no-arbitrage principles.


Question 1

SAPP presents the following scenario: Ace Corp entered into a receive-fixed interest rate swap six months ago. Since inception, interest rates have risen significantly. SAPP asks the junior analysts to assess the mark-to-market impact and Ace’s credit exposure. The most likely outcome is:

  • A. MTM loss for Ace, and Ace’s credit exposure to the counterparty decreases
  • B. MTM gain for Ace, and Ace’s credit exposure to the counterparty increases
  • C. MTM loss for Ace, and Ace’s credit exposure to the counterparty increases

Question 2

Given the following zero-coupon rates, SAPP asks analysts to calculate the 3-year spot rate ():

MaturityZero Rate
1 year2.50%
2 years2.75%
3 years?

A 3-year annual coupon bond with a 3% coupon trades at par (100). Using the given zero rates and the par bond, the 3-year spot rate () is closest to:

  • A. 2.85%
  • B. 2.95%
  • C. 3.009%

Question 3

SAPP presents a forward contract on a stock that pays an unknown dividend yield. Given only the current stock price, the risk-free rate, and the forward price, she asks whether the dividend yield can be determined. The most likely answer is:

  • A. Yes — the dividend yield can be solved from the cost-of-carry formula
  • B. No — additional information about the stock’s beta is required
  • C. Not enough information — while the cost-of-carry formula includes the dividend yield, the question does not provide sufficient data to isolate it without additional assumptions

Question 4

A portfolio manager wants to hedge against rising interest rates starting in 2 years, for a 5-year period. The most appropriate instrument is:

  • A. A spot-starting 5-year interest rate swap
  • B. A pay-fixed 5-year forward-starting swap beginning in 2 years
  • C. A 2-year interest rate cap

Question 5

A company wants to borrow at a fixed rate but can only access floating-rate markets at attractive terms. To achieve synthetic fixed-rate borrowing, the company should most likely:

  • A. Borrow at the floating rate and enter into a series of zero-value FRAs to lock in future rates
  • B. Borrow at the floating rate and buy interest rate puts
  • C. Borrow at the floating rate and sell interest rate caps

Question 6

At the initiation of a plain vanilla interest rate swap, the values of the fixed-rate and floating-rate legs are set such that:

  • A. The values at initiation sum to zero — the swap has zero net value
  • B. The fixed leg has a higher present value than the floating leg
  • C. The floating leg has a higher present value than the fixed leg